Early Life and Military Background
Murtala Ramat Muhammed was born on November 8, 1938, in Kano, Nigeria. He came from a respected family of Fulani and Hausa descent. From a young age, Murtala showed a deep sense of discipline and ambition. He attended Government College, Zaria, where he developed leadership qualities that later shaped his career. Driven by a passion to serve his country, he joined the Nigerian Army in 1958.
As a young officer, Murtala quickly gained a reputation for courage and strategic thinking. He trained in the United Kingdom and received advanced military education that prepared him for leadership roles. He played significant roles during Nigeria’s political upheavals in the 1960s, including the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), where he commanded troops with determination and efficiency.
Rise to Power
After years of political instability and corruption under previous governments, the Nigerian military decided to take control once again. On July 29, 1975, Murtala Muhammed led a successful coup that overthrew General Yakubu Gowon’s government. He assumed power as the Head of State and immediately began a bold program of reforms aimed at restoring integrity and discipline in governance.
Unlike many military rulers, Murtala refused to enrich himself. He lived modestly and demanded the same from his officials. His leadership style was firm, direct, and guided by national interest rather than personal gain.
Reforms and Achievements
President Murtala Muhammed initiated some of Nigeria’s most transformative policies. He launched an aggressive anti-corruption campaign, dismissing thousands of corrupt public servants and civil officials. He also restructured the public service to make it more efficient and accountable.
Murtala believed in decentralization. To strengthen national unity and development, he created seven new states, giving local regions more autonomy. This decision reshaped Nigeria’s political structure and improved governance.
He also made bold moves in foreign policy. Murtala took strong stands against apartheid in South Africa and supported African liberation movements. His famous declaration that “Africa has come of age” during the 1975 Organisation of African Unity (OAU) summit established Nigeria as a leading voice in African affairs.
Murtala’s government also initiated plans to move Nigeria’s capital from Lagos to Abuja. He believed that a central location would promote national integration and reduce congestion in Lagos. Though he did not live to see it completed, this vision eventually became reality in later years.
Assassination and Legacy
Tragically, President Murtala Muhammed’s leadership was cut short on February 13, 1976, when he was assassinated during an attempted coup in Lagos. His death shocked the nation and left millions mourning a leader who had given them hope for a better Nigeria.
Despite his brief time in office—just over 200 days—Murtala’s impact was profound. His courage, integrity, and visionary reforms inspired a new sense of national pride. Nigerians continue to honor his memory through landmarks such as the Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Lagos and the Murtala Muhammed Foundation.
Conclusion
President Murtala Muhammed’s leadership marked a turning point in Nigeria’s history. He fought corruption, championed African unity, and inspired trust in government. His decisive actions, honest leadership, and patriotic vision continue to influence Nigerian politics and leadership values. Though his time was short, his legacy remains timeless—a symbol of courage, discipline, and national service.