Early Life and Education

Jawaharlal Nehru was born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, British India, into a wealthy and influential family. His father, Motilal Nehru, was a prominent lawyer and an early nationalist leader. Nehru received his early education in England, studying at Harrow, Eton, and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was exposed to liberal and socialist ideas. He later studied law at the Inner Temple in London.

Involvement in the Freedom Struggle

After returning to India, Nehru became involved in the Indian National Congress and joined the struggle for independence under Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership. He actively participated in key movements like the non-cooperation and civil disobedience movements. He was jailed several times for his role in challenging British rule and became a prominent leader in the Congress Party.

First Prime Minister of Independent India

Following India‘s independence in 1947, Nehru became the nation’s first Prime Minister. He held the position until his death in 1964. He played a key role in framing India’s political and economic policies and worked towards building a sovereign, secular, socialist, and democratic republic.

Vision and Policies

Nehru’s vision for India included rapid industrialization, scientific development, and educational reform. He was a strong proponent of planned economic development, leading to the establishment of key institutions like the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the creation of large public sector enterprises. He also emphasized secularism and unity in diversity, aiming to keep India united in its rich variety of cultures and religions.

Foreign Policy and Non-Alignment

In the international arena, Nehru pioneered the policy of non-alignment, choosing not to side with either the US or the USSR during the Cold War. He aimed to keep India independent in its foreign policy while advocating for peace and cooperation.

Legacy and Writings

Nehru was a gifted writer and thinker. His notable works include “The Discovery of India and Letters from a Father to His Daughter”. These writings reflect his philosophical depth and vision for India’s future. His daughter, Indira Gandhi, later became Prime Minister, continuing his political legacy.

Death and Remembrance

Jawaharlal Nehru passed away on May 27, 1964. His birthday, November 14, is celebrated as Children’s Day in India to honor his love for children. Though some of his policies, like the handling of the 1962 Sino-Indian War, have been criticized, Nehru remains one of India’s most respected and influential leaders.