The Kingdom of Bhutan, known for its unique culture and traditions, established its monarchy in 1907. The Wangchuck dynasty has ruled the country since then, leading Bhutan through modernization while preserving its rich heritage. Below is a list of Bhutan’s kings, also known as the Druk Gyalpo, meaning “Dragon Kings.”
Ugyen Wangchuck (1862–1926) became the first King of Bhutan in 1907, uniting the nation under a hereditary monarchy. Known for his diplomatic skills, he maintained peace with British India and strengthened Bhutan’s sovereignty. His reign laid the foundation for modernization while preserving Bhutan’s cultural and political independence.
King Jigme Wangchuck, the second monarch of Bhutan, ruled from 1926 to 1952. He strengthened Bhutan’s sovereignty, centralized administrative authority, and maintained the nation’s isolationist policy to preserve its culture. His reign laid the groundwork for modernization while ensuring political stability and cultural continuity in the Himalayan kingdom.
King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, the fourth King of Bhutan (1972–2006), introduced Gross National Happiness as the nation’s development philosophy. He modernized Bhutan, initiated democratic reforms, and prioritized environmental conservation. His reign transformed Bhutan into a constitutional monarchy, blending tradition with progress for the well-being of its people.
King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, the third King of Bhutan (1952–1972), is known as the “Father of Modern Bhutan.” He introduced political, economic, and social reforms, established the National Assembly, modern judiciary, and initiated Bhutan’s first development plans, opening the nation to the world while preserving its cultural heritage.
Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, born on February 21, 1980, became the fifth King of Bhutan in 2006. Known as the “People’s King,” he strengthened democracy, promoted education, and modernized Bhutan while preserving its culture. His reign emphasizes Gross National Happiness, sustainable development, and global cooperation for Bhutan’s progress.
Ugyen Wangchuck became the first King of Bhutan in 1907. Known for unifying the country, he modernized Bhutan and maintained peaceful relations with neighboring countries, especially Britain and India.
The second king, Jigme Wangchuck, focused on strengthening internal administration. His reign emphasized education and healthcare while keeping Bhutan’s isolation policy intact.
Called the “Father of Modern Bhutan,” Jigme Dorji Wangchuck introduced democratic reforms, including the establishment of the National Assembly. He opened Bhutan to the outside world and initiated development projects.
Ascending the throne at 16, Jigme Singye Wangchuck promoted Gross National Happiness (GNH), prioritizing the well-being of citizens over economic growth. He modernized Bhutan, decentralized power, and paved the way for democracy by introducing the Constitution of Bhutan.
The current king, Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, continues the legacy of his predecessors. Under his reign, Bhutan transitioned to a constitutional monarchy in 2008. He focuses on youth empowerment, education, and preserving Bhutan’s unique identity while guiding the nation through modernization.
The kings of Bhutan have balanced tradition and modernity, ensuring the country remains culturally rooted while progressing socially and economically. Their leadership has transformed Bhutan into a peaceful and democratic nation, admired worldwide for its philosophy of Gross National Happiness.