Early Life and Education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, into a humble Tamil Muslim family. His father was a boat owner and imam; his mother, a homemaker. Despite financial struggles, Kalam excelled in school and loved science. He studied at Schwartz Higher Secondary School and graduated in physics from St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, in 1954. He later pursued aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology, which shaped his future in science and technology.

Scientific Contributions

Dr. Kalam worked for over 40 years in India’s defense and space sectors. At ISRO, he led the SLV-III project, which launched India’s first satellite, Rohini, in 1980. At DRDO, he headed the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP), leading to missiles like Agni and Prithvi. These achievements earned him the title “Missile Man of India.” He also contributed to healthcare. He co-developed the affordable Kalam-Raju Stent and the Kalam-Raju Tablet for medical use.

Presidency (2002–2007)

In 2002, Dr. Kalam became India’s 11th President, supported by both the BJP and Congress. Known for his humility and simplicity, he earned the title “People’s President.” He focused on education, youth, and innovation. He frequently interacted with students, inspiring them to dream and lead.

Post-Presidency and Legacy

After his presidency, Dr. Kalam continued teaching, writing, and speaking. His books—Wings of Fire, Ignited Minds, and India 2020—shared his vision of a developed India driven by science and youth.

On July 27, 2015, while giving a lecture at IIM Shillong, he suffered a cardiac arrest and died at age 83. India mourned his loss, and he was buried in Rameswaram with full honors. He received many awards, including the Padma Bhushan (1981), Padma Vibhushan (1990), and Bharat Ratna (1997). India celebrates his birthday, October 15, as World Students’ Day to honor his love for education.

Dr. Kalam’s life—from a small town to the presidency—embodied dedication, humility, and vision. He remains a lasting inspiration to millions.

Know about 12th President of India: Smt. Pratibha Patil.