1. Levon Ter-Petrosyan (1991–1998)

Levon Ter-Petrosyan became Armenia’s first president following independence. His leadership came during a difficult period marked by economic hardship and the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. He focused on stabilizing the country and establishing democratic institutions. However, disagreements over the Nagorno-Karabakh peace process led to his resignation in 1998.

2. Robert Kocharyan (1998–2008)

Robert Kocharyan previously served as the president of the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic before becoming Armenia’s president. His tenure saw economic growth and infrastructure development. However, his presidency was also criticized for alleged electoral irregularities and the violent crackdown on protests following the 2008 presidential election.

3. Serzh Sargsyan (2008–2018)

Serzh Sargsyan took office amid political unrest. During his presidency, Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union in 2015, strengthening ties with Russia and other member states. In the same year, a constitutional referendum shifted Armenia from a semi-presidential to a parliamentary system. Public dissatisfaction eventually led to the 2018 “Velvet Revolution,” prompting Sargsyan’s resignation when he attempted to continue in power as prime minister.

4. Armen Sarkissian (2018–2022)

Armen Sarkissian, a former prime minister and diplomat, became president under the new parliamentary system. His role was largely ceremonial, focusing on international representation and national unity. He resigned in 2022, citing limited constitutional powers to influence domestic policy.

5. Vahagn Khachaturyan (2022–Present)

Vahagn Khachaturyan was elected by the National Assembly in 2022. His presidency continues under the parliamentary framework, where executive authority rests mainly with the prime minister. He emphasizes economic modernization, democratic governance, and strengthening Armenia’s global partnerships.

Today, the president of Armenia serves as the head of state, symbolizing national unity and overseeing constitutional processes, while real executive power lies with the government and parliament. The evolution of the presidency reflects Armenia’s broader political transformation since independence.